Chapter 4

Authors: Richard A. Jones, Jason A. Brookes and Chrit T.W. Moonen (University of Bordeaux)

Section 4.1. Introduction
Section 4.2. Why Ultra-Fast fMRI?
Section 4.3. Requirements for BOLD fMRI Acquisition Methods
4.3.1: Echo time (TE) optimisation
4.3.2: Effect of field homogeneity on optimum TE and BOLD signal
4.3.3: Intra-scan motion: signal stability

Section 4.4. Gradient Echo Methods
4.4.1: FLASH sequences
4.4.2: Echo planar imaging
4.4.3: Limitations of EPI sequences
4.4.4: 3D gradient echo methods

Section 4.5. Spin Echo Methods
4.5.1: Multiple echo sequences
4.5.2: Spin echo EPI

Section 4.6. Alternative K-Space Scanning Trajectories for Fast MRI
4.6.1: Spiral trajectories
4.6.2: Projection reconstruction

Section 4.7. Advanced fMRI Methods with Reduced K-Space Coverage
4.7.1: Keyhole fMRI techniques
4.7.2: Half Fourier
4.7.3: Sensitivity encoding (SENSE)
4.7.4: UNFOLD

Section 4.8. Concluding Remarks