Tim Behrens: Publications

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Connectivity and Diffusion Imaging: Methods

T.E.J. Behrens, M.W. Woolrich, M. Jenkinson, H. Johansen-Berg ,R.G Nunes, S. Clare, P.M. Matthews, J.M. Brady, S.M. Smith. Characterisation and Propagation of Uncertainty in Diffusion Weighted MR imaging. Magn. Reson Med 50:1077-1088(2003) Online at MRM [PDF]

N Ramnani, TEJ Behrens, Will Penny and PM Matthews. New approaches for exploring anatomical and functional connectivity in the human brainBiol Psychiatry. 2004 Nov 1;56(9):613-9.

Behrens TEJ, Johansen-Berg H, Jbabdi S, Rushworth MFS, Woolrich MW. Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations. What can we gain? Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 1;34(1):144-55.[PDF]

Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Johansen-Berg H, Rueckert D, Nichols TE, Mackay CE, Watkins KE, Ciccarelli O, Cader MZ, Matthews PM, Behrens TE. Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 15;31(4):1487-505 [PDF]

Smith SM, Johansen-Berg H, Jenkinson M, Rueckert D, Nichols TE, Miller KL, Robson MD, Jones DK, Klein JC, Bartsch AJ, Behrens TE. Acquisition and voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data with tract-based spatial statistics. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(3):499-503.

Jbabdi S, Woolrich MW, Andersson JL, Behrens TE. A Bayesian framework for global tractography. Neuroimage. 2007 Apr 27; [Epub ahead of print]

Miller KL, Bulte DP, Devlin H, Robson MD, Wise RG, Woolrich MW, Jezzard P, Behrens TEJ. Evidence for a vascular contribution to diffusion FMRI at high b-value. PNAS: In Press

Jbabdi S, Woolrich MW, Behrens TE. Multiple-subjects connectivity-based parcellation using hierarchical Dirichlet process mixture models. Neuroimage. 2008 Sep 19.

Nunes RG, Jezzard P, Behrens TE, Clare S. Self-navigated multishot echo-planar pulse sequence for high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005 Jun;53(6):1474-8.

Heiervang E, Behrens TEJ, Mackay CE, Robson MD, Johansen-Berg H.Between session reproducibility and between subject variability of diffusion MR and tractography measures. Neuroimage. In press

McNab JA, Jbabdi S, Deoni SC, Douaud G, Behrens TE, Miller KL.High resolution diffusion-weighted imaging in fixed human brain using diffusion-weighted steady state free precession. Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 1;46(3):775-85. Epub 2009 Jan 22.

Johansen-Berg, H., Behrens, T.E.J., Jbabdi, S., Watkins, K.E. Integration of measures of functional and structural MRI. Neuromethods 41, pp. 785-809 (2009)

Jbabdi, S., Behrens, T.E.J., Smith, S.M. Crossing fibres in tract-based spatial statistics. NeuroImage 49 (1), pp. 249-256 (2009)

Connectivity and Diffusion Imaging: Combined methods and basic anatomy

TEJ Behrens*,, H Johansen-Berg*,MW Woolrich, SM Smith CAM Wheeler-Kingshott, PA Boulby, GJ Barker, EL Sillery, K Sheehan, O Ciccarelli, AJ Thompson, JM Brady and PM Matthews. Non-invasive mapping of connections between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging. Nat. Neurosci 6(7):750-757 (2003) Online at Nat Neuro [PDF]

H. Johansen-Berg*, T.E.J. Behrens*, M.D.Robson, I. Drobnjak, M.F.S. Rushworth, J.M. Brady, S.M. Smith, D.J. Higham and P.M. Matthews. Changes in connectivity profiles define functionally distinct regions in human medial frontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101(36):13335-40 PDF

Behrens, T.E.J.
MR Diffusion Tractography: Methods and Applications
Dphil Thesis submitted to the University of Oxford. [PDF]

Behrens TEJ, Jenkinson M ,Robson MD, Smith SM, Johansen-Berg H. A consistent relationship between white matter architecture and grey matter function in medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage:2006 Mar; 30(1):220-7 [PDF].

Klein J, Behrens TEJ, Mackay CE, Robson MD, Johansen-Berg H. Connectivity-based parcellation of human cortex using diffusion MRI: establishing reproducibility, validity and observer-independence in BA 44/45 and SMA/pre-SMA. Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 1;34(1):204-11

Connectivity and Diffusion Imaging: Basic anatomy



H. Johansen-Berg, T.E.J. Behrens, E.L. Sillery, O. Ciccarelli, C.A.M. Wheeler-Kingshott, A.J. Thompson, S.M. Smith and P.M. Matthews.
Functional Anatomical validation and individual variation of diffusion tractography-based segmentation of the human thalamus.
Cerebral Cortex: 2005 Jan;15(1):31-9

Ramnani N, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Richter MC, Pinsk MA, Andersson JL, Rudebeck P, Ciccarelli O, Richter W, Thompson AJ, Gross CG, Robson MD, Kastner S, Matthews PM. The Evolution of Prefrontal Inputs to the Cortico-pontine System: Diffusion Imaging Evidence from Macaque Monkeys and Humans. Cereb Cortex. 2005 Aug 24;

Croxson PL, Johansen-Berg H, Behrens TE, Robson MD, Pinsk MA, Gross CG, Richter W, Richter MC, Kastner S, Rushworth MF. Quantitative investigation of connections of the prefrontal cortex in the human and macaque using probabilistic diffusion tractography. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8854-66.

Sillery E, Bittar RG, Robson MD, Behrens TE, Stein J, Aziz TZ, Johansen-Berg H. Connectivity of the human periventricular-periaqueductal gray region. J Neurosurg. 2005 Dec;103(6):1030-4. online

Devlin JT, Sillery EL, Hall DA, Hobden P, Behrens TE, Nunes RG, Clare S, Matthews PM, Moore DR, Johansen-Berg H. Reliable identification of the auditory thalamus using multi-modal structural analyses. Neuroimage. 2006 May 1;30(4):1112-20.

Rushworth MF, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H. Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2005 Nov 28;

Hadjipavlou G, Dunckley P, Behrens TE, Tracey I. Determining anatomical connectivities between cortical and brainstem pain processing regions in humans: A diffusion tensor imaging study in healthy controls. Pain. 2006 May 1;30(4):1112-20.

H. Johansen-Berg, V. Della-Maggiore,T.E.J. Behrens, S.M. Smith, and T. Paus. Integrity of white matter in the corpus callosum correlates with bimanual co-ordination skills. NeuroImage, 2007. In press

Aron AR, Behrens TE, Smith S, Frank MJ, Poldrack RA. Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI. J Neurosci. 2007 Apr 4;27(14):3743-52.

Tomassini V, Jbabdi S, Klein JC, Behrens TE, Pozzilli C, Matthews PM, Rushworth MF, Johansen-Berg H. Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography-based parcellation of the human lateral premotor cortex identifies dorsal and ventral subregions with anatomical and functional specializations. J Neurosci. 2007 Sep 19;27(38):10259-69.

Rilling JK, Glasser MF, Preuss TM, Ma X, Zhao T, Hu X and Behrens TEJ.. The Evolution of the Arcuate Fasiculus Revealed with Comparative DTI. Nature Neuroscience: 11, 426 - 428 (2008) See also News and Views

Scholz J, Klein MC, Behrens TEJ Johansen-Berg H. Training induces changes in white-matter architecture. Nature neuroscience 12 (11), pp. 1370-1371

Connectivity and Diffusion Imaging: Clinical Studies

Ciccarelli O, Behrens TE, Altmann DR, Orrell RW, Howard RS, Johansen-Berg H, Miller DH, Matthews PM, Thompson AJ. Probabilistic diffusion tractography: a potential tool to assess the rate of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain.2006 Jul;129(Pt 7):1859-71

Johansen-Berg H, Behrens TEJ. Just pretty pictures? What diffusion tractography can add in clinical neuroscience. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Aug;19(4):379-85.

Christian Enzinger, Stephen Smith, Franz Fazekas, Gunther Drevin, Stefan Ropele, Thomas Nichols, Timothy Behrens, Reinhold Schmidt and Paul M. Matthews Lesion probability maps of white matter hyperintensities in elderly individuals Journal of Neurology: 2006 April pp1065-1070

Cader S, Johansen-Berg H, Wylezinska M, Palace J, Behrens TE, Smith S, Matthews PM. Discordant white matter N-acetylasparate and diffusion MRI measures suggest that chronic metabolic dysfunction contributes to axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage. 2007 Mar 3;

Owen SL, Green AL, Davies P, Stein JF, Aziz TZ, Behrens T, Voets NL, Johansen-Berg H. Connectivity of an effective hypothalamic surgical target for cluster headache. J Clin Neurosci. 2007 Aug 2;

Douaud G, Smith S, Jenkinson M, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Vickers J, James S, Voets N, Watkins K, Matthews PM, James A. Anatomically related grey and white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Brain. 2007 Aug 13;

Johansen-Berg H, Gutman DA, Behrens TE, Matthews PM, Rushworth MF, Katz E, Lozano AM, Mayberg HS.Anatomical Connectivity of the Subgenual Cingulate Region Targeted with Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression.Cereb Cortex. 2007 Oct 10; [Epub ahead of print]

Ciccarelli O, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Talbot K, Orrell RW, Howard RS, Nunes RG, Miller DH, Matthews PM, Thompson AJ, Smith SM.Investigation of white matter pathology in ALS and PLS using tract-based spatial statistics.Hum Brain Mapp. 2008 Jan 2; [Epub ahead of print]

Gutman DA, Holtzheimer PE, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Mayberg HS. A Tractography Analysis of Two Deep Brain Stimulation White Matter Targets for Depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]

Douaud G, Behrens TE, Poupon C, Cointepas Y, Jbabdi S, Gaura V, Golestani N, Krystkowiak P, Verny C, Damier P, Bachoud-Lévi AC, Hantraye P, Remy P. In vivo evidence for the selective subcortical degeneration in Huntington's disease.Neuroimage. 2009 Jul 15;46(4):958-66. Epub 2009 Mar 28.

Decision-Making and computational learning

Steven W Kennerley, Mark E Walton, Timothy E J Behrens, Mark J Buckley & Matthew F S Rushworth. Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex. Nat Neurosci 2006 July; 9(7) 940-947

Rushworth MF, Behrens TE, Rudebeck PH, Walton ME. Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Mar 2; [Epub ahead of print]

Rushworth MF, Buckley MJ, Behrens TE, Walton ME, Bannerman DM. Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Mar 9;[Epub ahead of print]

Walton ME, Croxson PL, Behrens TE, Kennerley SW, Rushworth MF. Adaptive decision making and value in the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroimage. 2007;36 Suppl 2:T142-54. Epub 2007 Mar 30.

Behrens TE, Woolrich MW, Walton ME, Rushworth MFS. Learning the value of information in an uncertain world. Nature Neuroscience: 2007 Sep;10(9):1214-21. Online at Nat Neuro. Review by Angela Yu in Current Biology

Rushworth MFS and Behrens TEJ. Choice, uncertainty, and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex Nature Neuroscience: 11, 389 - 397 (2008)

Behrens TEJ*, Hunt LT*, Woolrich MW, Rushworth MFS. Associative Learning of Social Value.Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):245-9.

Behrens TEJ, Hunt LT, Rushworth MFS. The computation of social behaviour. Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1160-4

Rudebeck PH, Behrens TE, Kennerley SW, Baxter MG, Buckley MJ, Walton ME, Rushworth MF.Frontal cortex subregions play distinct roles in choices between actions and stimuli.J Neurosci. 2008 Dec 17;28(51):13775-85.

Croxson PL, Walton ME, O'Reilly JX, Behrens TE, Rushworth MF. Effort-based cost-benefit valuation and the human brain. J Neurosci. 2009 Apr 8;29(14):4531-41.

Walton MEW*, Behrens TEJ*,Rudebeck P, Buckley MJ, Rushworth MFS. Separable learning systems in the macaque brain and the role of orbitofrontal cortex in contingent learning. Neuron: In Press

FMRI Methods

Woolrich, M. W.*,Behrens, T. E. J.*, Beckmann, C. F., Jenkinson, M. and Smith, S. M. Multi-level Modelling for FMRI group analysis using Bayesian inference Neuroimage, 21(4):1732-1747. Online at Neuroimage [PDF]

Woolrich, M. W., Behrens, T. E. J. and Smith, S. M. Constrained Linear Basis Sets for HRF Modelling using Variational Bayes Neuroimage, 21(4):1748-1761. Online at Neuroimage [PDF]

Woolrich, M., Behrens, T., Beckmann, C., and Smith, S. (2004). Mixture Models with Adaptive Spatial Regularisation for Segmentation with an Application to FMRI Data IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging 2005 Jan;24(1):1-11. .

Woolrich M and Behrens TEJ (2006) Variational Bayes Inference of Spatial Mixture Models for Segmentation IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging.2006 Oct;25(10):1380-91.

Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Woolrich MW, Beckmann CF, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, Bannister PR, De Luca M, Drobnjak I, Flitney DE, Niazy RK, Saunders J, Vickers J, Zhang Y, De Stefano N, Brady JM, Matthews PM. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage. 2004;23 Suppl 1:S208-19.

Beckmann CF, Jenkinson M, Woolrich MW, Behrens TE, Flitney DE, Devlin JT, Smith SM. Applying FSL to the FIAC data: Model-based and model-free analysis of voice and sentence repetition priming. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006 May;27(5):380-91.

Miscellaneous collaborations

Devlin, J. T., Raley, J., Tunbridge, E., Lanary, K., Floyer-Lea, A., Narain, C., Cohen, I., Behrens, T., Jezzard, P., Matthews, P. M., and Moore, D. R. Functional asymmetry for auditiory processing in human primary auditory cortex. J Neurosci. 2003 Dec 17;23(37):11516-22. Online at J Neurosci.

Silke M. Göbel, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Tim Behrens, Matthew F.S. Rushworth Response-selection related parietal activation during number comparison Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2004 Nov;16(9):1536-51.

Voets NL, Adcock JE, Flitney DE, Behrens TE, Hart Y, Stacey R, Carpenter K, Matthews PM. Distinct right frontal lobe activation in language processing following left hemisphere injury. Brain. 2006 Mar; 129(Pt 3):754-66.